WAN (Wide Area Network) - PPP & HDLC

간단한 WAN을 구성하여 Leased Line (전용회선) 의 캡슐화 프로토콜인 PPP를 구현해 보자.

Leased Line
- 영어로는 임대회선이나 일반적으로 전용선이라 부른다.
- 전화국과 같은 통신 사업자에게 통신회선을 임대 받아서 쓰는 방식이다.

Router 3 설정

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int se 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation ?           - 캡슐화 프로토콜의 종류
  frame-relay  Frame Relay networks
  hdlc            Serial HDLC synchronous
  ppp             Point-to-Point protocol
R1(config-if)#enc ppp ?
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#enc ppp
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#do ping 10.1.12.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
R1(config)#!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

R1(config)#do show int se 0/0/0             - serial 0/0/0 에 대한 자세한 정보를 볼 수 있다. 트러블 슈팅때 이용
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is HD64570
  Internet address is 10.1.12.1/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
  Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
  LCP Open
  Open: IPCP, CDPCP
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
  5 minute input rate 3 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 4 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     10 packets input, 400 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     10 packets output, 400 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets          - 문제가 발생하면 errors, collisions 부분의 숫자가 늘어난다.
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up


- 새로운 시리얼 포트에 추가 -
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int se 0/0/1
R1(config-if)#enc ?
  frame-relay  Frame Relay networks
  hdlc             Serial HDLC synchronous
  ppp              Point-to-Point protocol
R1(config-if)#enc hdlc
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up

R1#show run
!
interface Serial0/0/0
 ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation ppp
 clock rate 64000
!
interface Serial0/0/1
 ip address 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.0
 clock rate 64000
!

R1#ping 172.16.12.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 18/28/32 ms
R1#ping 10.1.12.2               - 서로 캡슐화 프로토콜이 틀려도 연결 되어 있기 때문에 통신이 가능하다.
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms
   
R1#show ip int se 0/0/1
Serial0/0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Internet address is 172.16.12.1/24
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by setup command
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
  ICMP unreachables are always sent
  ICMP mask replies are never sent
  IP fast switching is disabled
  IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
  IP Flow switching is disabled
  IP Fast switching turbo vector
  IP multicast fast switching is disabled
  IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
  Router Discovery is disabled
  IP output packet accounting is disabled
  IP access violation accounting is disabled
  TCP/IP header compression is disabled
  RTP/IP header compression is disabled
  Probe proxy name replies are disabled
  Policy routing is disabled
  Network address translation is disabled
  WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
  WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
  BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
R1#show ip int se 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Internet address is 10.1.12.1/24
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by setup command
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
  ICMP unreachables are always sent
  ICMP mask replies are never sent
  IP fast switching is disabled
  IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
  IP Flow switching is disabled
  IP Fast switching turbo vector
  IP multicast fast switching is disabled
  IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
  Router Discovery is disabled
  IP output packet accounting is disabled
  IP access violation accounting is disabled
  TCP/IP header compression is disabled
  RTP/IP header compression is disabled
  Probe proxy name replies are disabled
  Policy routing is disabled
  Network address translation is disabled
  WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
  WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
  BGP Policy Mapping is disabled

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Router 4 설정

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int se 0/0/0
R2(config-if)#enc ppp
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#do ping 10.1.12.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
R2(config)#!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

R2(config)#do show int se 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is HD64570
  Internet address is 10.1.12.2/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
  Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
  LCP Open
  Open: IPCP, CDPCP
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
  5 minute input rate 3 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 3 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     10 packets input, 400 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     10 packets output, 400 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up


- 새로운 시리얼 포트에 추가 -

R2(config)#do show ip int brief
Interface              IP-Address          OK? Method Status                       Protocol
 
FastEthernet0/0        unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
 
FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
 
Serial0/0/0            10.1.12.2               YES manual up                            up
 
Serial0/0/1            unassigned         YES manual administratively down down
 
Vlan1                  unassigned          YES manual administratively down down
R2(config)#do show run
!
interface Serial0/0/0
 ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation ppp
!
interface Serial0/0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown      -----------> administratively down이 나타나는 이유는 shutdown되었기 때문이다.
!
interface Vlan1
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
R2(config)#int se 0/0/1
R2(config-if)#enc hdlc
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#do ping 172.16.12.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
R2(config)#!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 17/28/32 ms

WAN.pkt