WAN - Frame Relay

Frame Relay
- 에러 복구와 흐름 제어 등의 데이터 처리 과정을 생략함으로써
X.25에 비해 빠르고 효과적이지만 에러 제어 기법은 거의 제공이 안되는 패킷 스위칭 방식중에 하나입니다.

WAN 설정

WAN의 interface serial 0 에 연결된 router 5에 대한 설정이다.

LMI (Local Management Interface)
- 특정 동작 상태에 관련된 정보를 인접 라우터들에게 알려줌으로써 프레임 릴레이 네트워크 상의 Virtual Circuit의 상태를 쉽게 파악할 수 있게 해 주는 기능
- 라우터 에서 LMI를 세팅할 때 LMI의 타입을 맞추어 주어야 통신이 가능해 진다.

DLCI (Data-Link Connection Identifier) : 프레임 릴레이 연결을 위한 주소

WAN의 interface serial 1 에 연결된 router 6에 대한 설정이다.

WAN의 interface serial 2 에 연결된 router 7에 대한 설정이다.

WAN의 프레임 릴레이 설정

Router 장비 설정

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Router 5 설정

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip int brief
Interface                IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0      unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1      unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/0/0             unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
Vlan1                    unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int se 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#enc
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ?
  ietf  Use RFC1490/RFC2427 encapsulation
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#?
  bandwidth      Set bandwidth informational parameter
  cdp            CDP interface subcommands
  clock          Configure serial interface clock
  delay          Specify interface throughput delay
  description    Interface specific description
  encapsulation  Set encapsulation type for an interface
  exit           Exit from interface configuration mode
  frame-relay    Set frame relay parameters
  ip             Interface Internet Protocol config commands
  ipv6           IPv6 interface subcommands
  keepalive      Enable keepalive
  no             Negate a command or set its defaults
  ppp            Point-to-Point Protocol
  shutdown       Shutdown the selected interface
R1(config-if)#frame-relay ?
  interface-dlci  Define a DLCI on an interface/subinterface
  lmi-type           Use CISCO-ANSI-CCITT type LMI
  map                 Map a protocol address to a DLCI address
R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ?
  ansi  
  cisco 
  q933a 
R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.34.3 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show int se 0/0/0      - serial 0/0/0 에 대한 자세한 정보를 볼 수 있다. 트러블 슈팅때 이용
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is HD64570
  Internet address is 10.1.34.3/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
  Encapsulation Frame Relay, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
  LMI enq sent  30, LMI stat recvd 29, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI up
  LMI enq recvd 0, LMI stat sent  0, LMI upd sent  0
  LMI DLCI 1023  LMI type is CISCO  frame relay DTE
  Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 0/0, interface broadcasts 0
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets    - 문제가 발생하면 errors, collisions 부분의 숫자가 늘어난다.
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up


R1#ping 10.1.34.4   - Router 6 의 설정이 끝난 후 확인한다.
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/7/10 ms

R1#show frame-relay ?  - frame-relay 설정에 대해서 자세하게 보여주는 명령어들을 알아본다.
  lmi  show frame relay lmi statistics
  map  Frame-Relay map table
  pvc  show frame relay pvc statistics
R1#show frame-relay lmi
LMI Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = CISCO
 Invalid Unnumbered info 0      Invalid Prot Disc 0
 Invalid dummy Call Ref 0       Invalid Msg Type 0
 Invalid Status Message 0       Invalid Lock Shift 0
 Invalid Information ID 0       Invalid Report IE Len 0
 Invalid Report Request 0       Invalid Keep IE Len 0
 Num Status Enq. Sent 36        Num Status msgs Rcvd 35
 Num Update Status Rcvd 0       Num Status Timeouts 16
R1#show frame-relay pvc
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0

input pkts 14055       output pkts 32795        in bytes 1096228
out bytes 6216155      dropped pkts 0           in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0         out FECN pkts 0          out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0           out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 32795   out bcast bytes 6216155

DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = INACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0

input pkts 14055       output pkts 32795        in bytes 1096228
out bytes 6216155      dropped pkts 0           in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0         out FECN pkts 0          out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0           out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 32795   out bcast bytes 6216155
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0/0 (up): ip 10.1.34.4 dlci 102, dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active

R1#ping 10.1.34.5   - Router 7 의 설정이 끝난 후 확인한다.
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/6/9 ms

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Router 6 설정

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip int brief
Interface                IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0      unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1      unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/0/0             unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
Vlan1                    unassigned      YES manual administratively down down
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int se 0/0/0
R2(config-if)#enc fr
R2(config-if)#enc frame-relay
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.34.4 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#ping 10.1.34.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/8/10 ms

R2#ping 10.1.34.5      - Router 7 의 설정이 끝난 후 확인한다.
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/9/12 ms

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Router 7 설정

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#int se 0/0/0
R3(config-if)#enc frame-relay
R3(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.1.34.5 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R3#show frame-relay pvc
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 301, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0

input pkts 14055       output pkts 32795        in bytes 1096228
out bytes 6216155      dropped pkts 0           in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0         out FECN pkts 0          out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0           out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 32795   out bcast bytes 6216155

DLCI = 302, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0

input pkts 14055       output pkts 32795        in bytes 1096228
out bytes 6216155      dropped pkts 0           in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0         out FECN pkts 0          out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0           out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 32795   out bcast bytes 6216155
R3#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0/0 (up): ip 10.1.34.3 dlci 301, dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active
Serial0/0/0 (up): ip 10.1.34.4 dlci 302, dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active

R3#ping 10.1.34.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/7/9 ms
R3#ping 10.1.34.4
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.34.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/8/11 ms

FRAMERELAY.pkt

FRAMERELAY-me.pkt